Research Title: A Study of Forms of Social Organization in Buddhism
Researcher: Mr. Thaweesak Thongthipya and Others
Department: Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Surin Campus
Fiscal Year: 2546 / 2003
Research Scholarship Sponsor: Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research was to study a concept and forms of Buddhist social organization by studying the Buddhist canon (Tripitaka) and interviewing the Buddhist scholars. The Data–collection was obtained from reviewing literatures, interviewing eight Buddhist monks and eight Buddhist experts.
The results of the study were as follows:
1. In the Basket of Discipline (Vinaya Pitaka) and in its surroundings, it was obviously found that the Buddha used the concept of religious Disciplines (Vinaya) originated from earlier conventions and his own principal teachings (Ovadapatiriganmokkha) as the framework to organize the Sangha community and the five precepts (Panca-Sila) to the community apart from the Sangha community. In the Basket of Discourses (Suttanta Pitaka) and its surroundings, it was seen in the Agganna-sutta that the Buddha used the concept of human functions. And the tenfold wholesome course of action (Kusala-Kammapatha) as the framework to organize the community; in Cakkavatti-sutta, it was found that the Buddha used the governmental virtues called Dhammadhipateyya as the framework to organize the community; in Singala-sutta, it was found that the Buddha used the functional structure of human beings called the Six Disa and the individual abstention from the Fourteen Unwholesome Course of Action as the framework to organize the community.
2. In the Basket of Discipline (Vinaya Pitaka) and in its surroundings. It is found that the Discipline (Vinaya) is used as the outer form of social organization and the principal teaching (Ovadapatimokkha) was used as the inner form of social organization. In the Basket of Discourses (Suttanta Pitaka) and in its surrounding, it was found that role of the leader; the Individual function, the five precepts, and the tenfold wholesome Course of Action are used as the form of social organization.
The recommendation on this research was that the Buddhist Social Organization should be based on both of Discipline and Doctrine (Vinaya and Dharma) because the Discipline the Discipline was the outer social organization and the doctrine was the inner social organization. The form of Buddhist social organization was called “The Middle Way of Social Organization.”
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