Research Title: A Study of Teaching of Insight Meditation According to the four Foundations of Mindfulness in Present
Researchers: Phramaha Boonlert Dhammadassi, Miss Nongyao Noochaiya Na Kalasin, Miss Phannaray Choolert
Department: Lecturer of Graduate School MCU
Fiscal Year: 2548 / 2005
Research Scholarship Sponsor: Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University
ABSTRACT
This research is “A Study of Teaching of Insight Meditation According to the four Foundations of Mindfulness in Present” There is objective to study the principle and method meditation practices according to Satipatthan. It is to study the insight meditation teaching of the fourfold foundation of mindfulness in the present. And it is to study the process of builds the Master of Meditation according to the fourfold foundation of mindfulness.
The result of research is the principle and method meditation practices according to the fourfold foundation of mindfulness which appears in Mahasatipattha Sutta, Suttanta Pitaka vol. 10, 12, 13. It is meditation that there is only in the Buddhism and appears in the Buddha time attained enlightenment. We can see that the Buddha came in the Catutha – Jhana (the fourth absorption) and bow his mind to the threefold knowledge, they are :-
1) Pubbenivasanussatinana : reminiscence of past lives,
2) Cutupapatanana : knowledge of the decease and rebirth of beings; clairvoyance, and
3) when he already known that, he used two both of knowledges basically the base in meditation practice, then got Asvakkhayanana (knowledge of destruction of mental intoxication), it is consider to find cause in the cycle of birth and death; Pathiccasamuppada which is the cause of understanding in the four noble truths, we called insight meditation or Vipassana Bhavana. It is principle or practice to understand truly in nama and rupa or five khandha (five aggregates) which is impermanent thing, suffering and non – self. Then tranquillity meditation or Samatha – Bhavana is principle and practice to do concentrated mind. It is generally meditation that we can see when the Buddha went out to ordain and he studied in the practical part, Samatha – Bhavana in Ala hermit’s school before. He is instructed by this hermit until achieved to Rupajhana 4 (Jhanas of the fine – material sphere) and Arupajhana 3 (Sphere of Nothingness). After that he went to continue his study in Udaka hermit’s school until got an Arupajhana 4 (Sphere of neither perception nor non - perception), and the hermit could not him continue because he was omniscient equal a teacher. Hermit finished the knowledge to teach him. He did not attain enlightenment, then say goodbye two of teachers go to seek for the Dhamma that go out from the process of birth and death by himself. At the first time, he practiced of austerities and self – mortification extremely, but still no avail. Then he changed the originally way to be middle way and finally he got to be Buddhahood.
Then the method the insight meditation teaching of fourfold foundation of mindfulness to appear in the present, that is development of mindfulness and clear comprehension from the 4 basics until have the power to apply in daily – life such as standing, walking, sitting lying eating curling, stretching, putting on clothes, bath, including going to stool and urine. It is making insight meditation practice go on the development and encourage the mental health, emotion is controlled by mindfulness and clear comprehension, and to apply in the daily – life suddenly. It is make one who is mindfulness and clear comprehension to know oneself, to decrease the selfishness, to know the abandonment and forgiveness, be kindness and generosity to each other that are good result to oneself, family and the public nation.
The result of research has been the process of builds the Master of Meditation according to the fourfold foundation of mindfulness come from the concept of practical form, it is necessary have to curriculums that leads to the process of training and have to the exercises in the training by use the three principle and method : Atapi to be effort, Sampajano to be awareness and Satima to be mindful before always do, speak, think with 21 or 6 ways follow the suitable times. Place, person, social which are in the four foundations : boy, feeling, mind and phenomena.
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